The other primary condition along with Endometriosis that often leads to surgery is a previous pelvic infection, so called salpingitis. The presence of a tubal infection may lead to the development of pus within the pelvis. This then solidifies and leads to adhesion formation. In extreme cases, one or both fallopian tubes may be scar closed. These adhesions then interfere with the tube's ability to pick up the released egg from the ovary. If scar tissue has developed within the fallopian tube itself, then the egg may get trapped in the fallopian tube and actually implant there, leading to a tubal, or ectopic, pregnancy.

At the time of laparoscopy, adhesion formation will be identified and if present, removed, using various operative laparoscopic techniques. If the ends of the fallopian tubes are closed, then an attempt can be made to reopen the tubes using laser techniques. Ideally, pregnancy will be able to occur spontaneously after this advanced laparoscopic surgery. There will be a risk of tubal pregnancy following this type of problem. Some patients will require in vitro fertilization in order to conceive, if their adhesion formation is severe enough.